In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless sensor network technology, people have put forward higher requirements for environmental protection and environmental supervision. More and more enterprises and institutions are committed to applying wireless sensor network technology in environmental monitoring systems. Judging from the actual effects of wireless sensor networks, wireless sensor network technology undoubtedly plays an increasingly important role in promoting economic and social development, promoting the modernization of governance systems and governance capabilities, and meeting people’s growing needs for a better life.
What is a wireless sensor network? #
Wireless sensor network is a network form formed by free organization and combination of tens of thousands of sensor nodes through wireless communication technology. The units constituting the sensor node are: data acquisition unit, data transmission unit, data processing unit and energy supply unit.
The data acquisition unit usually collects and converts the information in the monitoring area, such as light intensity, atmospheric pressure and humidity;
The data transmission unit mainly focuses on wireless communication and exchange of information, as well as sending and receiving the collected data information;
The data processing unit usually deals with routing protocols and management tasks of all nodes, as well as positioning devices, etc.;
In order to reduce the area occupied by the sensor node, the energy supply unit will choose the form of micro-battery.
There are two types of nodes in a wireless sensor network, one is a sink node and the other is a sensor node. The sink node mainly refers to that the gateway can eliminate the wrong report data among the sensor nodes, and combine the data with the relevant reports to fuse the data to judge the events that occur. The connection between the sink node and the user node can be directly communicated with the wide area network or satellite, and the collected data can be processed.
the practical application of wireless sensor network #
The application of wireless sensor network technology to environmental monitoring has changed the previous single sensor fixed-point and timing measurement mode. It realizes multi-angle (multiple types of sensors), synchronous and continuous measurement of the observation object. Therefore, the obtained data is more comprehensive and representative, which is convenient to describe the spatial and temporal variation laws of the observed objects, and to discover their inner connections.
Environmental monitoring requirements for wireless sensor nodes #
Environmental monitoring sensors are usually installed in outdoor unattended areas, such as dust monitors, automatic weather stations and other sensor equipment. When such equipment transmits data outdoors, it is vulnerable to interference and other signal attacks, resulting in system failure and impact. transmission efficiency. Therefore, in order to ensure the communication between sensor networks, it is necessary to put forward certain requirements for sensor network nodes according to the detection environment.
1. Small size
The sensor network node should be small enough to ensure that it will not affect the target system itself. In some cases, the node even needs to be so small that it cannot be noticed to complete special tasks. Therefore, the volume of the energy supply module of each node should also be small.
2. Strong environmental adaptability
Sensor nodes used as environmental monitoring are often placed in harsh environments and inaccessible areas. Therefore, the node energy supply module needs to have strong environmental adaptability, mainly the working temperature, water tightness and other indicators should meet the needs of use.
3. The discharge characteristics are stable
With the development of chip manufacturing technology and sensor technology, the power consumption of node sensors, processors and wireless transceiver modules has been greatly reduced. Therefore, the node does not have very high requirements on the instantaneous discharge capacity of the power supply system, but the continuous discharge stability has a great influence on the service life and life of the system.
4. Low cost
Low cost is a basic requirement for sensor nodes. Only when the cost is low, it can be arranged in large quantities, so the power supply module cannot use expensive technical solutions.
5. No pollution
Due to the difficult environment and huge number of nodes used in environmental monitoring, energy modules must adopt non-polluting or low-polluting technical solutions.
